Climate change is making bees wake up earlier and it could spell disaster
British bees are ‘waking up’ early due to climate change and emerging from their nests at the wrong time, which could threaten the pollination of crucial crops.
The research, the largest of its kind in the UK, found that for every one degree Celsius rise in temperature caused by climate change, wild bees, such as bumblebees, emerge from their nests 6.5 days earlier on average.
The researchers warn that this may mean that bees lose sync with the plants on which they depend, meaning there may be less food for them to consume.
This means bees may not have the energy to pollinate crops effectively or may miss the blossom completely.
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PhD researcher Chris Wyver, of the University of Reading's School of Agriculture, said: "Rising temperatures are making life tougher for bees.
"Warmer conditions mean bees emerge from hibernation earlier, but there may not be enough food to provide energy for them when they start buzzing about."
"Matching wake-up dates with plant flowering is vital for newly emerged bees because they need to find pollen and nectar to increase their chances of survival and produce offspring. A mismatch means bees cannot pollinate effectively."
"Less natural pollination could lead to farmers needing to use managed honeybees, meaning greater costs, which may be passed on to consumers. We could see even more expensive apples, pears and vegetables in supermarkets as a result."
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The study examined 88 different species of wild bees over a period of 40 years, using more than 350,000 individual recordings that showed shifts in emergence dates, both over time and in relation to temperature.
Data showed that some bees emerge earlier than others as different species of bee respond differently to the changing temperature.
On average, the 88 species are emerging 4 days earlier per decade.
With winters projected to be between one and 4.5°C warmer and up to 30% wetter by 2070, according to the Met Office, spring is likely to continue to start earlier and bees will continue to become active earlier in the year.
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The shift in bee emergence will also have a greater effect on plants that are heavily dependent on pollination, such as apple trees, which may not be ready to flower by the time hibernation ends.
Like with bee emergence dates, understanding how climate change affects when flowers bloom on crops is also important because it can affect how well they are pollinated.
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