Four things investors should avoid
A version of this article was originally published on Fool.com
This is Warren Buffett's office at Berkshire Hathaway headquarters in Omaha, Nebraska.
The portrait behind Buffett's right arm is his father. The file bin at the end of the desk reads "TOO HARD." There are some magazines, a pile of newspapers, and a phone.
But notice what you don't see. There are no stock tickers. No Bloomberg terminals. No charting software. No Twitter feeds. No pundits spouting forecasts. No computer monitors, and maybe not even a calculator. Buffett has created more than a quarter-trillion dollars of value for Berkshire shareholders from this desk over the last 50 years. And he did it while rejecting most of the "tools" investors utilize. We can all learn something from that.
We have more information than ever before. Are we better investors because of it? I don't know of any evidence that we are. In her book Bull!, Maggie Mahar writes: "The problem is that much of the information that investors want - and think they need - is just that, 'information,' not knowledge."
Good investors read a tremendous amount of information, of course. They're just perhaps more selective with what they read and pay attention to.
Here are few ways to become more selective.
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Avoid explanations of random events. Pay more attention to historical context.
People can't stand the idea that events are random and unexplainable, so they try to attach meaning. You'll see things like, "Stocks fall 0.5% as investors react to manufacturing data" rather than the more honest, "Stocks fall 0.5% because they just do that sometimes."
Instead of reading explanations of what the market is doing, pay attention to what the market is doing in a historical context. The next time stocks have a down day, remember that they do that, on average, every other day. The next time stocks decline 10% from a recent high, remember that they've done that almost every year since the Civil War. And the next time we have a recession, remember that no one in history has made it to the 5th grade without living through at least one recession.
Trying to explain market moves gives us the impression that we can predict the future, which we can't. Looking at market moves in historical context reminds us to ignore the noise, which we can.
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Avoid breaking news. Pay more attention to broad trends.
I found this headline from June 4, 2010: "Stocks Plunge After Weak Jobs Report."
It's true: There was a bad jobs report on June 4th, 2010, and stocks did plunge that day. But three years later, who cares? The initial jobs report was revised to show three times as many jobs created than originally thought, and the S&P 500 has since returned 59%. The must-read headlines from June 4, 2010 is now irrelevant and forgotten. The broader trend - jobs slowly coming back, stocks still cheap - was all that mattered for investors.
Breaking news is designed to tug at your emotions and give a sense of urgency, which is exactly when you're prone to making bad decisions. Broader trends are more likely to be where the money's at.
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Avoid strong opinions. Pay more attention to people who talk about their mistakes.
Psychologist Philip Tetlock has done some of the best work on the science of forecasts. One of his most startling findings is that analysts that are the most confident in their predictions have some of the worst track records, while those with the best records are constantly questioning their beliefs.
The media loves confidence and hates wavering views, so the analyst who yells the loudest gets the spotlight. Which explains another of Tetlock's findings: Analysts with the highest media profile have some of the worst track records.
Instead of paying attention to strong, loud opinions, give more weight to those who talk about why they could be wrong, what they've learned from past mistakes, and those who forecast in probabilities rather than certainties. They are less entertaining, but more likely to give good advice.
Avoid elaborate interpretations. Focus on the handful of variables that matter most.
Most 300-page books can be summarized in 30 pages. The same one-tenth rule of thumb is true for most financial news and analysis.
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Investment bankers write incredibly elaborate 100-page deal presentations that I guarantee you no one reads. They just do it because they're making $1 million a year and they have to show their clients that they put in some effort. Journalists, while paid less, do the same.
You don't need to know the nitty-gritty details about finance or the economy. The big stuff - how much you need to save to retire, broad valuation metrics, the few industries driving economic growth, the direction of jobs growth - tell you most of what what matters.
Not only is excessive volume a waste of your time, but the more granular an analyst becomes, the more prone he is to potential overthinking and confirmation bias. "It's better to be mostly right than precisely wrong," as the saying goes.
In the meantime, why not build yourself a "TOO HARD" file bin like Buffett has on his desk.
Until next time
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