Should cyclists pay a 'road tax'?

The Beatles' 1966 hit 'Taxman' contained the lyrics 'if you drive a car, I'll tax the street' and although George Harrison was probably only looking for a word that rhymed with 'feet' it seems that many motorists still believe that road, or street, tax really does exist.

The issue of 'road tax' generally comes up in one of two scenarios; when talking about potholes and when talking about cyclist.